{"id":12347,"date":"2020-10-20T23:54:29","date_gmt":"2020-10-20T21:54:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/culturesco.com\/?p=12347"},"modified":"2021-03-22T15:30:18","modified_gmt":"2021-03-22T14:30:18","slug":"jack-kerouac-le-jazz-poet-a-l-ame-vagabonde","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/culturesco.com\/index.php\/2020\/10\/20\/jack-kerouac-le-jazz-poet-a-l-ame-vagabonde\/","title":{"rendered":"Jack Kerouac : le \u00ab\u00a0Jazz poet\u00a0\u00bb \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e2me vagabonde !"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

\u00ab Seuls ceux qui sont assez fous pour penser qu’ils peuvent changer le monde y parviennent.\u00bb<\/h2>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Jack Kerouac, figure embl\u00e9matique de la Beat Generation, est pour l\u2019inconscient collectif l\u2019auteur de \u00ab\u00a0Sur la Route<\/strong>\u00a0\u00bb ; roman qui lui apporte la reconnaissance publique.<\/p>\n

Il porte en lui ce sentiment d\u2019\u00eatre \u00e9tranger de par ses racines \u00ab\u00a0canuck\u00a0\u00bb et sa francophonie ; il se rapproche des exclus de l\u2019Am\u00e9rique auxquels il s\u2019identifie.<\/p>\n

\n

\u00ab Les seuls gens qui existent sont ceux qui ont la d\u00e9mence de vivre, de discourir, d’\u00eatre sauv\u00e9s, qui veulent jouir de tout dans un seul instant, ceux qui ne savent pas b\u00e2iller.\u00bb<\/em><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Son histoire et l\u2019influence de la musique\u00a0<\/em>\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n

Jack Kerouac est n\u00e9 le 12 mars 1922 \u00e0 Lowell, dans le Massachusetts. La famille est de souche franco-qu\u00e9b\u00e9coise. Sa langue maternelle est le \u00ab\u00a0Joual\u00a0\u00bb et il a d\u00e9j\u00e0 6 ans lorsqu\u2019il commence \u00e0 apprendre l\u2019anglais. Tr\u00e8s vite il d\u00e9couvre la passion de l’\u00e9criture et r\u00e9dige de longues lettres \u00e0 ses proches. A 18 ans, il rentre \u00e0 l\u2019Universit\u00e9 Colombia.<\/p>\n

La lecture des nouvelles de Thomas Wolfe<\/a> lui r\u00e9v\u00e8le le monde fascinant des voyages. La perspective d\u2019une vie en marge de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 s\u2019inscrit en lui et il abandonne ses \u00e9tudes \u00e0 Colombia \u00e0 l\u2019aube de sa deuxi\u00e8me ann\u00e9e. Sa vie d\u2019\u00e9crivain commence\u2026<\/p>\n

Le Jazz<\/h4>\n

Avec un camarade de classe, Seymour Wyse, il d\u00e9couvre le jazz qui va devenir son souffle de<\/strong> vie<\/strong>, une r\u00e9v\u00e9lation<\/strong>. Il fr\u00e9quente r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement les caves o\u00f9 se produisent Charlie Parker, Dizzy Gillespie et surtout Count Basie<\/a> qui est son idole.<\/p>\n

Il entrevoit rapidement comment cette musique pourrait rythmer \u00a0sa vie et \u00eatre un moteur pour son \u00e9criture.<\/p>\n

Sans argent, il a recours \u00e0 divers \u00ab\u00a0petits boulots\u00a0\u00bb. Apr\u00e8s un poste de pigiste au journal de Lowell, Jack Kerouac s\u2019engage dans la marine marchande au printemps 1942, d\u00e9\u00e7u il regagne New-York quelques mois plus tard.<\/p>\n

En juillet 1947, l\u2019aventure commence, il d\u00e9cide de parcourir les routes des Etats-Unis; ce sera pour Kerouac une puissante source d\u2019inspiration pour ses romans.<\/p>\n

\"Jack
Jack Kerouac<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

La mort de son fr\u00e8re ain\u00e9 en 1956 est un drame pour cet enfant de quatre ans. Cet \u00e9v\u00e9nement dramatique lui inspire le roman \u00ab\u00a0Vision de G\u00e9rard<\/a>\u00ab\u00a0.<\/p>\n

La prose instantan\u00e9e : le style d\u2019\u00e9criture de Jack Kerouac !<\/em><\/h3>\n

Jack Kerouac o\u00f9 le \u00ab\u00a0memory babe\u00a0\u00bb (m\u00f4me m\u00e9moire) comme le surnomment ses amis, est dot\u00e9 d\u2019une importante m\u00e9moire et d\u2019un style d\u2019\u00e9criture tr\u00e8s particulier; anim\u00e9 par la vitesse et nourrit par le rythme du jazz, musique qui irise sa vie et donne une tonalit\u00e9 rare \u00e0 son \u00e9criture. Il aime se d\u00e9finir en tant que \u00ab\u00a0Jazz poet<\/strong>\u00ab\u00a0, et \u00a0d\u00e9termine la technique de sa prose instantan\u00e9e:<\/p>\n

\n

\u00abPas de pause pour penser au mot juste mais l\u2019accumulation enfantine et scatologique de mots concentr\u00e9s.\u00bb<\/em><\/h4>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Prenons le cas du manuscrit \u00ab\u00a0Sur la Route\u00a0\u00bb, \u00e9crit d\u2019un seul jet sur des feuilles destin\u00e9es \u00e0 la calligraphie, que l\u2019auteur a coll\u00e9es entre elles. Le rythme de la frappe sur la machine est soutenu et spontan\u00e9.<\/p>\n

\"Manuscrit<\/p>\n

Les rencontres influentes de sa vie<\/em><\/h3>\n

En 1943 Jack Kerouac fait la connaissance de Lucien Carr qui op\u00e8re sur lui une v\u00e9ritable fascination. L\u2019\u00e9diteur lui pr\u00e9sente Williams Burroughs<\/a> et Allen Ginsberg.<\/a> C\u2019est la naissance du mouvement litt\u00e9raire de la Beat Generation.<\/a><\/p>\n

Mais celui qui va impressionner et exercer une profonde influence sur Jack Kerouac par son caract\u00e8re excessif et d\u00e9lirant, s\u2019appelle Neal Cassady<\/a>.\u00a0 C\u2019est son mod\u00e8le pour Dean Moriarty<\/strong>, antisocial assoiff\u00e9 d\u2019aventures et personnage central de son roman \u00ab\u00a0Sur la route\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n

\"Avec
Jack Kerouac & Neal Cassady en 1952.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

En parlant des lettres \u00e9crites par Neal Cassady<\/strong>, Jack Kerouac dira :<\/p>\n

\n

\u00abElles se rangent parmi les meilleures choses jamais \u00e9crites en Am\u00e9rique\u00bb.<\/h4>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Pendant des semaines Kerouac va s\u2019entrainer \u00e0 \u00e9crire comme son mod\u00e8le, il enregistre leurs discussions sur bandes magn\u00e9tiques, allant jusqu\u2019\u00e0 recopier ses lettres, pour s\u2019impr\u00e9gner de l\u2019\u00e9crivain.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Sur La Route\u00a0\u00bb va na\u00eetre de cette investigation et faire de Jack Kerouac l\u2019\u00e9g\u00e9rie des anticonformistes am\u00e9ricains<\/strong>, c\u2019est une ode \u00e0 la vie \u00ab\u00a0libre\u00a0\u00bb. Ce dernier n\u2019a jamais cach\u00e9 sa source autobiographique, inspiration directe de son \u0153uvre… sans Cassady ce roman ne serait peut-\u00eatre pas devenu le mythe litt\u00e9raire que nous connaissons!<\/p>\n

Gary Snyder<\/h4>\n

A l\u2019automne 1955, une rencontre marque la vie de Jack Kerouac\u00a0: Gary Snyder<\/a>, un passionn\u00e9 de philosophie japonaise et de randonn\u00e9e. Le po\u00e8te et penseur l\u2019initie au bouddhisme et partage avec lui son amour de la nature. Kerouac immortalise cette p\u00e9riode dans \u00ab\u00a0Dharma Bums<\/strong>\u00a0\u00bb (Les Clochards C\u00e9lestes, publi\u00e9 en 1959).<\/p>\n

\n

\u00abNe pense pas. Va ton chemin en dansant. Rien de plus facile au monde. M\u00eame la marche en terrain plat est plus dure, \u00e0 cause de sa monotonie. Chaque pas pose de petits probl\u00e8mes passionnants et pourtant le corps n’h\u00e9site jamais, il se retrouve perch\u00e9 sur une pierre qu’il a choisie sans raison particuli\u00e8re. Cela tient du Zen le plus pur. \u00bb<\/em><\/h4>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Jack Kerouac\u00a0: une \u0153uvre autobiographique\u00a0!<\/em><\/h3>\n

Sur la route<\/h4>\n

Le roman d\u2019un \u00e9crivain-voyageur… Ce livre culte\u00a0 fait de Jack Kerouac le chef de file du mouvement Beat Generation et marque un grand \u00a0tournant dans sa vie, en lui offrant la reconnaissance publique et le confort financier.<\/p>\n

C\u2019est le r\u00e9cit des p\u00e9r\u00e9grinations, des rencontres et des d\u00e9sillusions de l\u2019auteur (Sal Paradise) et de Neal Cassady (Dean Moriarty); deux personnages hors-normes en qu\u00eate d\u2019absolu.<\/h4>\n
\n

\u00ab Les fous, les marginaux, les rebelles, les anticonformistes, les dissidents…tous ceux qui voient les choses diff\u00e9remment, qui ne respectent pas les r\u00e8gles. Vous pouvez les admirer ou les d\u00e9sapprouver, les glorifier ou les d\u00e9nigrer. Mais vous ne pouvez pas les ignorer. Car ils changent les choses. Ils inventent, imaginent, explorent, ils cr\u00e9ent, inspirent ; ils font avancer l’humanit\u00e9. L\u00e0 o\u00f9 certains ne voient que folie, nous voyons du g\u00e9nie. Car seuls ceux qui sont assez fous pour penser qu’ils peuvent changer le monde y parviennent.\u00bb<\/em><\/h4>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Visions de Cody<\/h4>\n

Une \u0153uvre litt\u00e9raire ambitieuse o\u00f9 Kerouac analyse les traits de caract\u00e8res de Dean Moriarty. D\u00e9sormais le h\u00e9ros du roman \u00ab\u00a0Sur la route\u00a0\u00bb, se pr\u00e9sente d\u00e9sormais sous le nom de Cody Pomeray.<\/p>\n

\n

\u00abJe voulais entreprendre un hymne immense qui unirait ma vision de l\u2019Am\u00e9rique avec des mots crach\u00e9s selon la m\u00e9thode spontan\u00e9e moderne. Au lieu d\u2019un simple r\u00e9cit horizontal des voyages sur la route, je voulais une \u00e9tude verticale, m\u00e9taphysique du personnage de Cody et de sa relation \u00e0 \u00ab\u00a0l\u2019Am\u00e9rique\u00a0\u00bb en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral.\u00bb <\/em>r\u00e9v\u00e8le Jack Kerouac<\/h4>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Big Sur<\/h4>\n

Un besoin de fuir le monde le conduit en Californie. Il passe quelques jours au bord de l\u2019oc\u00e9an dans une cabane pr\u00eat\u00e9e par Lawrence Ferlinghetti.<\/p>\n

Jack Kerouac nous explique :<\/p>\n

\n

\u00abTous les soirs, vers huit heures, apr\u00e8s souper, j’enfilais mon grand suro\u00eet, je prenais le crayon, le carnet et la lampe et je partais sur le sentier. J’allais dans mon coin, pr\u00e8s de la falaise, non loin d’une caverne et je restais l\u00e0, assis comme un idiot dans le noir, notant le bruit des vagues sur mon carnet\u2026 Le bruit des vagues ! La nuit surtout ! La mer ne fait pas de phrases. De courtes r\u00e9pliques. Et je notais ces fantastiques insanit\u00e9s.\u00bb<\/h4>\n<\/blockquote>\n

La Mer et la po\u00e9sie…<\/em><\/h4>\n

La c\u00f4te Pacifique lui inspire le roman \u00ab\u00a0Big Sur\u00a0\u00bb avec un long po\u00e8me \u00ab\u00a0La Mer, Bruits de l\u2019oc\u00e9an Pacifique \u00e0 Big Sur\u00a0\u00bb :<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\n
\u00ab…un nouvel amour donne toujours de l\u2019espoir, la solitude mortelle et irrationnelle est toujours couronn\u00e9e; cette chose que j\u2019ai vue (cette horreur du vide reptilien) quand j\u2019ai inspir\u00e9 \u00e0 fond l\u2019iode mortelle de la mer, \u00e0 Big Sur, est maintenant justifi\u00e9e et sanctifi\u00e9e, lev\u00e9e comme une urne sacr\u00e9e vers le ciel. Par le simple fait de se d\u00e9shabiller, de faire aller les corps et les esprits dans les d\u00e9lices m\u00e9lancoliques, inexprimables et fr\u00e9n\u00e9tiques de l\u2019amour. Ne laissez aucun vieux chnoque vous dire le contraire; quand on pense que personne, dans ce vaste monde, n\u2019ose jamais \u00e9crire l\u2019histoire v\u00e9ritable de l\u2019amour. On nous colle de la litt\u00e9rature, des drames \u00e0 peine complets \u00e0 cinquante pour cent. <\/em><\/h5>\n
Quand on est allong\u00e9, bouche contre bouche, baiser contre baiser dans la nuit…L\u2019\u00e2me baign\u00e9e d\u2019une tendresse qui vous submerge et vous entra\u00eene si loin des terribles abstractions mentales ; On finit par se demander pourquoi les hommes ont fait de Dieu un \u00eatre hostile \u00e0 l\u2019amour charnel…\u00bb<\/em><\/h5>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Jack Kerouac est l\u2019un des \u00e9crivains les plus novateurs du XXe si\u00e8cle. Initi\u00e9 \u00e0 la litt\u00e9rature europ\u00e9enne, il admirait Arthur Rimbaud, C\u00e9line ou Franz Kafka. Son \u0153uvre traduit son refus des normes et son amour pour une vie empreinte de libert\u00e9, hostile \u00e0 tout conformisme. Pour l\u2019\u00e9crivain la po\u00e9sie, la prose et la vie se conjuguent au rythme des notes de jazz\u2026<\/p>\n

\n

\u00abMais tant que l\u2019esprit est en \u00e9veil, m\u00eame si la chair se tourmente captive, l\u2019existence vaut la peine d\u2019\u00eatre v\u00e9cue.\u00bb<\/h4>\n<\/blockquote>\n
\"Jack
Jack Kerouac<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Jack Kerouac s\u2019\u00e9teint le 21 octobre 1969, \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e2ge de 47 ans \u00e0 St Petersburg en Floride.<\/p>\n

Nic Blanchard-Thibault<\/p>\n

A lire \u00e9galement : Charles Bukowski, po\u00e8te des marginaux au c\u0153ur de la folie !<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00ab Seuls ceux qui sont assez fous pour penser qu’ils peuvent changer le monde y parviennent.\u00bb Jack Kerouac, figure embl\u00e9matique de la Beat Generation, est pour l\u2019inconscient collectif l\u2019auteur de \u00ab\u00a0Sur la Route\u00a0\u00bb ; roman qui lui apporte la reconnaissance publique. Il porte en lui ce sentiment d\u2019\u00eatre \u00e9tranger de par ses racines \u00ab\u00a0canuck\u00a0\u00bb et […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":13506,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23,27],"tags":[42],"class_list":{"0":"post-12347","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-image","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-chroniques-litteraires","8":"category-litterature","9":"tag-litterature","10":"post_format-post-format-image"},"yoast_head":"\nJack Kerouac : le "Jazz poet" \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e2me vagabonde ! - Culturesco<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"CulturesCo | Jack Kerouac le Jazz poet \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e2me vagabonde, chef de file de la Beat Generation | Sur la route | Les Clochards C\u00e9lestes .\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/culturesco.com\/index.php\/2020\/10\/20\/jack-kerouac-le-jazz-poet-a-l-ame-vagabonde\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Jack Kerouac : le "Jazz poet" \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e2me vagabonde ! - 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